GREAT MUQALIDEENS OF THE PAST AND PRESENT

 

 

GREAT MUQALIDEENS OF THE PAST AND PRESENT

 

Here is a list of prominent **Hanafi scholars** from classical to contemporary times:

 

### **Classical Hanafi Scholars (Early Centuries) **

 

1. **Imam Abu Hanifa (699–767 CE) ** – Founder of the Hanafi school; known for his deep legal reasoning (*ra'y*) and emphasis on *istihsan* (juridical preference).

 

2. **Abu Yusuf (731–798 CE) ** – Chief judge (*Qadi Al-Qudat*) under Harun al-Rashid; key contributor to Hanafi fiqh.

 

3. **Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805 CE) ** – Student of Abu Hanifa and Abu Yusuf; wrote foundational Hanafi texts like *Al-Asl* and *Al-Hujjah*.

 

4. **Imam Zufar ibn al-Hudhayl (728–774 CE) ** –

Known for strong analogical reasoning (*qiyas*).

 

5. **Al-Hakim al-Shahid (d. 945 CE) ** – Compiled *Al-Kafi*, an important early Hanafi text.

 

6. **Al-Sarakhsi (d. 1090 CE) ** – Wrote *al-Mabsut*, a major Hanafi legal encyclopedia.

 

### **Medieval Hanafi Scholars**

 

7. **Imam al-Kasani (d. 1191 CE) ** – Author of *Bada'i al-Sana'i*, a key Hanafi reference.

 

8. **Ibn Abidin (1784–1836 CE) ** – Wrote *Radd al-Muhtar*, a major commentary on *al-Hidayah* (considered one of the last great classical Hanafi works).

 

9. **Al-Marghinani (d. 1197 CE) ** – Author of *al-Hidayah*, one of the most studied Hanafi texts.

 

10. **Burhan al-Din al-Farghani (d. 1285 CE) ** – Commentator on *Al-Hidayah*.

 

### **Ottoman Era Hanafi Scholars**

 

11. **Mulla Khusraw (d. 1480 CE) ** – Wrote *Durar al-Hukkam*, an important Ottoman-era Hanafi text.

 

12. **Ibn Nujaym (d. 1563 CE) ** – Author of *al-Ashbah wa al-Naza'ir* (on legal maxims).

 

13. **Khayr al-Din al-Ramli (d. 1671 CE) ** –

Influential fatwa issuer in the Ottoman period.

 

### **Modern & Contemporary Hanafi Scholars**

 

14. **Mufti Muhammad Shafi (1897–1976) ** – Former Grand Mufti of Pakistan; wrote *Ma'ariful Qur'an*.

 

15. **Mufti Taqi Usmani (b. 1943) ** – Leading contemporary Hanafi scholar; expert in fiqh, hadith, and economics.

 

16. **Sheikh Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda (1917–1997) ** – Syrian scholar, expert in hadith and Hanafi fiqh.

 

17. **Mufti Muhammad ibn Adam al-Kawthari (b. 1977) ** – UK-based scholar specializing in Hanafi fiqh.

 

18. **Sheikh Akram al-Nadwi (b. 1963) ** – Indian-British scholar, known for his work on hadith and fiqh.

 

19. **Mufti Ismail Menk (b. 1975) ** – Zimbabwean scholar who teaches Hanafi fiqh.

 

20. **Sheikh Wahba al-Zuhayli (1932–2015) ** –

Syrian scholar who wrote *Al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuhu*, covering all schools including Hanafi fiqh.

 

### **Hanafi Scholars from the Indian Subcontinent**

 

21. **Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (1703–1762) ** – Though primarily a hadith scholar, he engaged with Hanafi fiqh.

 

22. **Ashraf Ali Thanwi (1863–1943) ** – Author of *Bahishti Zewar* (a Hanafi guide for Muslims).

 

23. **Mufti Mahmud Hasan Gangohi (1907–1996)

** – Leading Deobandi Hanafi scholar.

 

24. **Mufti Rafi Usmani (b. 1936) ** – Former president of Darul Uloom Karachi.

 

This list includes jurists, muftis, and authors who contributed significantly to Hanafi scholarship. 

 

 

2.Here is a list of prominent **Maliki scholars** from classical to contemporary times:

 

The Maliki school of Islamic jurisprudence (*madhhab*) is one of the four major Sunni schools of thought, founded by Imam Malik ibn Anas (d. 795 CE). Over the centuries, many scholars have contributed to the development and dissemination of Maliki teachings. Below is a list of prominent Maliki scholars from different periods:

 

### **Classical Maliki Scholars (Early Period) **

 

1. **Imam Malik ibn Anas** (711–795) – Founder of the Maliki school, author of *Al-Muwatta*.

 

2. **Abdullah ibn Wahb** (743–812) – Egyptian scholar and student of Imam Malik.

 

3. **Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Qasim** (d. 806) – Key transmitter of Malik’s teachings.

 

4. **Asad ibn al-Furat** (759–828) – Scholar and jurist who played a role in spreading Malikism in North Africa.

 

5. **Sahnun ibn Sa’id al-Tanukhi** (776–854) – Compiled the *Mudawwana*, a foundational Maliki text.

 

6. **Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani** (922–996) – Wrote *Al-Risala*, a key Maliki primer.

 

7. **Abu Bakr al-Abhari** (d. 983) – Iraqi Maliki scholar and author of *Al-Mukhtasar*.

 

8. **Al-Qadi ‘Iyad ibn Musa** (1083–1149) – Andalusian scholar, author of *Al-Shifa* and *Tartib al-Madarik*.

 

### **Medieval Maliki Scholars**

 

9. **Ibn Rushd al-Jadd** (d. 1126) – Grandfather of the philosopher Ibn Rushd (Averroes), Maliki jurist.

 

10. **Ibn ‘Arafa al-Warghami** (1316–1401) – Leading Tunisian Maliki scholar.

 

11. **Al-Baqillani** (d. 1013) – Ash’ari theologian and Maliki jurist.

 

12. **Abu al-Walid al-Baji** (1013–1081) –

Andalusian scholar, wrote *Al-Muntaqa*.

 

13. **Ibn Battal al-Qurtubi** (d. 1057) –

Commentator on *Sahih al-Bukhari*.

 

14. **Ibn al-Hajib** (1174–1249) – Author of *Jami’ Al-Ummahat* and *Mukhtasar al-Khalil*.

 

### **Later Maliki Scholars (Ottoman & Modern Periods) **

 

15. **Ahmad al-Wansharisi** (1431–1508) – North African scholar, compiled *Al-Mi’yar al-Mu’rib*.

 

16. **Muhammad Mayyara al-Maliki** (1591–1662) – Moroccan scholar, wrote *Sharh al-Risala*.

 

17. **Ahmad ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi** (d. 1604) – Scholar of *fiqh* and *hadith*.

 

18. **Muhammad al-Arabi al-Darqawi** (1760–1823) – Sufi and Maliki jurist.

 

19. **Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Kabir al-Kattani** (d. 1907) – Moroccan scholar and hadith expert.

 

20. **Abdullah ibn Bayyah** (b. 1935) –

Contemporary Mauritanian scholar and Maliki jurist.

 

21. **Habib ‘Umar bin Hafiz** (b. 1963) – Yemeni scholar promoting Maliki teachings.

 

22. **Muhammad al-Yaqoubi** (b. 1963) – Syrian scholar and Maliki jurist.

 

### **Notable Maliki Works**

 

- **Al-Muwatta** – Imam Malik

 

- **Al-Mudawwana al-Kubra** – Sahnun

 

- **Al-Risala fi al-Fiqh** – Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani

 

- **Al-Tafri’** – Ibn al-Jallab

 

- **Bidayat al-Mujtahid** – Ibn Rushd (Averroes)

 

- **Al-Kafi fi Fiqh Ahl al-Madinah** – Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr

 

This list includes some of the most influential Maliki scholars, but many others have contributed to the school’s rich tradition, particularly in North and West Africa, Al-Andalus (Spain), and the Middle East. Would you like more details on any specific scholar?

 

 

3.Here is a list of prominent ** Shafee scholars** from classical to contemporary times:

 

The term **"Shafee scholars"** could refer to scholars associated with the **Shafi'i school of Islamic jurisprudence (madhhab)**, one of the four major Sunni schools of thought. Below is a list of notable **past and present Shafi'i scholars** from different eras:

 

### **Classical Shafi'i Scholars (Past)**

 

1. **Imam Al-Shafi'i (767–820 CE)** – Founder of the Shafi'i school, author of *Al-Risala* and *Kitab al-Umm*.

 

2. **Al-Haramayn Al-Juwayni (1028–1085 CE) ** – Author of *Nihayat al-Matlab* and teacher of Imam Al-Ghazali.

 

3. **Imam Al-Ghazali (1058–1111 CE) ** – Renowned scholar of theology, philosophy, and Sufism; wrote *Ihya Ulum al-Din*.

 

4. **Imam Al-Nawawi (1233–1277 CE) ** – Author of *Riyad al-Salihin* and *Sharh Sahih Muslim*.

 

5. **Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani (1372–1449 CE) ** – Hadith scholar, wrote *Fath al-Bari* (commentary on Sahih al-Bukhari).

 

6. **Al-Suyuti (1445–1505 CE) ** – Prolific scholar, wrote *Tafsir al-Jalalayn* and *Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Quran*.

 

7. **Al-Rafi'i (d. 1226 CE) ** – Jurist, wrote *Al-Aziz Sharh al-Wajiz*.

 

8. **Al-Mawardi (974–1058 CE) ** – Jurist and political theorist, wrote *Al-Ahkam Al-Sultaniyya*.

 

9. **Ibn Kathir (1301–1373 CE) ** – Famous for his *Tafsir Ibn Kathir* (though primarily a Shafi'i in fiqh).

 

10. **Al-Bayhaqi (994–1066 CE) ** – Hadith scholar, wrote *Al-Sunan al-Kubra*.

 

### **Modern & Contemporary Shafi'i Scholars (Present & Recent Past) **

 

1. **Sheikh Wahbah Al-Zuhayli (1932–2015) ** –

Syrian scholar, wrote *Al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuhu*.

 

2. **Sheikh Ali Jum'ah (b. 1952) ** – Former Grand Mufti of Egypt.

 

3. **Sheikh Abdullah bin Bayyah (b. 1935) ** –

Mauritanian scholar, president of the Forum for Promoting Peace in Muslim Societies.

 

4. **Sheikh Muhammad Said Ramadan Al-Bouti (1929–2013) ** – Syrian scholar, wrote *Fiqh al-Sirah*.

 

5. **Sheikh Nuh Ha Mim Keller (b. 1954) ** –

American scholar, translator of *Reliance of the Traveller*.

 

6. **Sheikh Habib Umar bin Hafiz (b. 1963) ** –

Yemeni scholar, founder of Dar al-Mustafa.

 

7. **Sheikh Muhammad Alawi Al-Maliki (1944–2004) ** – Saudi scholar, specialized in Hadith and Sufism.

 

8. **Sheikh Ismail ibn Zain al-Yamani (d. 2022) ** –

Yemeni scholar, taught at Al-Azhar.

 

9. **Sheikh Ahmad Kutty (b. 1946) ** – Indian-Canadian scholar, senior lecturer at the Islamic Institute of Toronto.

 

10. **Sheikh Usama Al-Sayyid Al-Azhari (b. 1976) **

– Egyptian scholar and TV personality.

 

### **Prominent Institutions Associated with Shafi'i Scholarship**

 

- **Al-Azhar University (Egypt)**

 

- **Dar al-Mustafa (Yemen)**

 

- **Umm al-Qura University (Saudi Arabia) **

 

- **International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)**

 

 

4.Here is a list of prominent ** Hambalī scholars** from classical to contemporary times:

 

Hambalī scholars, both past and present, have played a significant role in Islamic jurisprudence, particularly within the Hanbali school of thought (one of the four major Sunni schools). Below is a list of some of the most prominent Hambalī scholars throughout history and in contemporary times:

 

### **Classical Hanbali Scholars (Past)**

 

1. **Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855 CE) ** – The founder of the Hanbali school, known for his strict adherence to the Quran and Sunnah, and his resistance to the Mu'tazila doctrine during the *Mihna* (inquisition).

 

2. **Abu Bakr al-Khallal (d. 923 CE) ** – A key student of Imam Ahmad’s disciples, he compiled *Al-Jami’*, an important early collection of Hanbali fiqh.

 

3. **Ibn Aqil (1040–1119 CE) ** – A prominent Hanbali jurist and theologian, known for his intellectual contributions and occasional conflicts with more rigid Hanbalis.

 

4. **Ibn al-Jawzi (1116–1201 CE) ** – A famous preacher, historian, and jurist, known for works like *Talbis Iblis* (*The Devil’s Deception*) and *Sifat al-Safwa*.

 

5. **Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi (1147–1223 CE) ** – Author of *Al-Mughni*, one of the most authoritative Hanbali fiqh texts.

 

6. **Ibn Taymiyyah (1263–1328 CE) ** – A highly influential but controversial scholar, known for his works on theology, jurisprudence, and polemics against innovations (*bid’ah*). His student Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya also contributed significantly to Hanbali thought.

 

7. **Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (1292–1350 CE) ** – A major Hanbali scholar, student of Ibn Taymiyyah, and author of *Zad al-Ma’ad* and *I’lam al-Muwaqqi’in*.

 

8. **Al-Hajjawi (d. 1560 CE) ** – Writer of *Zad al-Mustaqni’*, a key Hanbali fiqh manual still studied today.

 

9. **Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703–1792 CE) ** – Founder of the Wahhabi movement, which sought to purify Islam from innovations; his teachings heavily influenced modern Saudi Arabia.

 

### **Modern & Contemporary Hanbali Scholars (Present)**

 

1. **Abdullah ibn Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz (1910–1999) ** – Former Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia, a leading Salafi  Hanbali scholar of the 20th century.

 

2. **Muhammad ibn al-Uthaymeen (1925–2001) ** – A highly respected Saudi scholar known for his expertise in Hanbali fiqh and tafsir.

 

3. **Saleh Al-Fawzan (b. 1933) ** – A prominent Saudi Salafi - Hanbali scholar and member of the Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta.

 

4. **Abd al-Rahman al-Sa’di (1889–1956) ** – A well-known Hanbali scholar and exegete, author of *Taysir al-Karim al-Rahman* (a Quranic tafsir).

 

5. **Abd al-Muhsin al-Abbad (b. 1933) ** – A respected Hadith scholar and Hanbali jurist in Medina.

 

6. **Rabee al-Madkhali (b. 1931) ** – A contemporary Saudi scholar known for his strict adherence to Hanbali principles and opposition to the Muslim Brotherhood.

 

7. **Sulaiman al-Alwan (b. 1970) ** – A controversial but influential Salafi-Hanbali scholar.

 

8. **Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al Ash-Sheikh (1893–1969) ** – Former Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia and a key Hanbali authority.

 

9. **Abdul Aziz Al al-Sheikh (b. 1940) ** – Current Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia and a leading Hanbali scholar.

 

10. **Shamsuddin al-Afghani (d. 2020) ** – A contemporary Afghan Hanbali scholar known for his expertise in Hadith and fiqh.

 

### **Hanbali Scholarship Today**

 

The Hanbali school remains dominant in Saudi Arabia and has influence in other Gulf states, Syria, and parts of the Muslim world. Many contemporary Hanbali scholars are associated with Salafism, particularly in Saudi Arabia, while others maintain a more traditional Hanbali approach.